Micronutrients ,minerals,iodine,iron

Micronutrients

MINERALS

IODINE

•         Basic Element.

•         Small amount required 150 Microgram/day.

•         One teaspoonful enough for whole life.

•         Antiseptic.

•         Water Soluble.

•         Tastless.

•         White in color.

•         Makes a very important Harmone in the body.

•         Sources: From soil to water and then through food to body.

DEFICIENCY

IODINE CYCLE IN NATURE.

1.         Goiter prevalance 60% in Peshawar.

2.         IDD in Islamabad, Lahore, Multan.

3.         72% newborn babies with high TSH.

IDD May Be Abreviated As

•         IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS

•                     “Studies have shown that almost 10 million people in the hilly areas alone are at high risk of IDD. Based on the data, the epidemiological  model predicts some 4.3 million people with reduced mental ability, 14000 still-births and over 8400 neonatal deaths per year’’ (UNICEF,1994).

•         Total estimated babies born in Pakistan 5 million.

•         Half are prevented from reaching their full development.

•         Yearly 2.5 million IQ points loss.

CARE OF IODIZED SALT

·         Buy one month requirement at a time.

·         Keep the salt along with the polythin bag in non-transparent container.

·         Keep the salt covered.

·         Use dry hand/tool to take out salt  from container.

“ Iodine deficiency is so easy to prevent that it is a crime to let a single child be born mentally handicapped for that reason”  

 (Mr.Henry Labuoisse, UNICEF

IRON

The most widespread of all nutritional deficiencies holding back human development at significant cost to societies and economies

Daily Requirements

–        Male                            11mg  

–        Female                        18 mg 

–        Sources

–        Liver , meat

–        Poultry, fish

–        Cereals

–        Green leafy vegetables

–        Legumes

–        Nuts, oilseeds

–        Dried fruits

But Heme Vs Non-Heme iron

Iron deficiency anaemia

Health effects

Ø  Impaired physical work performance

Ø  Developmental delay

Ø  Cognitive impairment

Ø  Adverse pregnancy outcomes 

•         premature delivery, LBW, perinatal infant + maternal mortality

Ø  Impaired host defence against infection

Ø  Impaired thermoregulation

Problem ……………….continued
Conjunctiva Pallor  is on increasing line

Strategies to Combat Micronutrient Deficiencies

WHAT IS FORTIFICATION

Addition of micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) to wheat flour at the mill, that may or may not be present in the cereal, for which there is a demonstrated need within the general population, to levels necessary to meet that need.

•         Effective

•         Affordable

•         Achievable

What other countries fortify wheat flour?

•         United States and Canada -since 1941

•         United Kingdom

•         Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Equator

•         Venezuela

•         All Central America

•         Saudi Arabia

•         Oman, Bahrain

•         Nigeria

•         Indonesia

•         Mexico

•         Philippines