Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute (AMRI), Multan
and Faisalabad
Agricultural Mechanization Research Cell (AMRC), Tandojam
Centre For Agricultural Machinery Industry (CAMI), Khanewal
Universities
Agricultural University, Faisalabad
Agricultural University, Tandojam
Engineering University, Peshawar
Farm
Machinery
|
1968
|
2004
|
Tractor
|
18,909
|
401663
|
Cultivator
|
14,338
|
369866
|
Mould
Board Plough
|
2,335
|
40050
|
Disc
Plough
|
2,513
|
29218
|
Blades
|
3,925
|
>2 lac
|
Chisel
Plough
|
-
|
6535
|
Rotavator
|
-
|
5594
|
Bar/Disc
Harrows
|
2,007
|
23764
|
Ridger
|
-
|
71338
|
Seed
Drill/Planter
|
563
|
70810
|
Sprayer
|
-
|
20778
|
Wheat
Threshar
|
-
|
137270
|
Reaper
|
-
|
7972
|
Combined
Harvester
|
-
|
6000
|
ARGUMENTS
IN FAVOR OF FARM MECHANIZATION
Ø 1. INCREASE IN VOLUME OF PRODUCTION:
Farm mechanization has helped in increasing the volume of agricultural
production.
Ø 2. ENCOURAGES MULTIPLE CROPPING:
Farm Mechanization encourages multiple cropping which was not possible under
traditional farming.
Ø 3. REDUCES DEPENDENCE UPON ANIMAL
POWER: Farm mechanization reduces dependence upon animal power which is costly
and also slow in operation.
Ø 4. DIVERSION OF LAND FROM GROWING
FODDER: Farm mechanization makes it possible to divert the land used for
growing fodder for animal power. The same land can be brought under cultivation
for growing food and non-food crops.
Ø 5. GREATER AREA UNDER CULTIVATION:
Farm mechanization saves labor, makes the job for leveling and preparation of
land easy and helps in bringing more land under cultivation.
Ø 6. INCREASE IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY:
Farm mechanization increases efficiency of farmers and raises the output per
worker.
Ø 7. TIMELY WATER SUPPLY, SPRAY ETC:
The timely availability of water supply from tube wells, the use of new package
of modern inputs has been made possible only with the help of mechanization.
The use of modern inputs increased the yield of crops.
Ø 8. REDUCTION OF COST: Due to
efficient use of resources, through the mechanized farming the cost of
production of various crops goes down.
Ø 9. INCREASE IN INCOME: Mechanization
helps in increasing income of farmers by minimizing pre and post harvest
losses.
Ø 10. PROVIDES OFF FARM EMPLOYMENT: It
provides off farm employment to the population living in rural areas.
Ø 11. SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN FOOD:
Mechanization of agriculture helps in achieving self sufficiency and surpluses
in food and other crops.
ARGUMENTS
AGAINST FARM MECHANIZATION
Ø 1. INCREASE IN UNEMPLOYMENT: The use
of mechanized technology displaces labor and leads to increase in farm
unemployment in the country.
Ø 2. PROBLEMS OF URBANIZATION: The
migration of labor from the mechanized farm sector to the cities creates
problems of urbanization.
Ø 3. SOCIAL DISPARITY: Farm
mechanization is basically capital intensive and has a big farmer bias. It
therefore, creates social disparity.
Ø 4. CATTLE POPULATION SURPLUS:
Mechanization has rendered a large number of cattle population surplus and
unnecessary.
Major
recommendations for promotion of mechanized farming in Pakistan
v The existing capabilities of public
sector Research and Development (R&D) institutions be strengthened
v New R&D institutes like
Agricultural Machinery Research Institute (located in the Punjab) also be
established in the other three provinces and AJK
v A national network for agricultural
mechanization needs to be established to coordinate farm machinery R&D
activities for efficient utilization of available resources along with new
proposals to meet the farmers needs
v Suitable machinery be developed for
livestock sector such as harvesting and chopping of fodder, silage making and
storage, milking of animals, dairy products etc. at farm
v The scope of R&D be extended to
farm level processing for value addition to agricultural produce
v Print and electronic media be used
for promotion of farm mechanization technologies.
v Private sector be in particular
encouraged to contribute towards mechanization of agriculture sector and
o initiate
in-house R&D activities
o improve
quality and standard of their products
o
improve manufacturing set-ups to meet the local demand at competitive price
o establish customer hire services for costly
agricultural machinery.
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