HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION
Vegetables comprise of numerous
species and cultivars, In seed production they might be classified into
open-pollinated, F1 cross breed and clonally engendered cultivars. The pattern
of F1 crossover seed use in vegetable yields is expanding universally in term
of species, cultivars and volume of seed utilized. The vast majority of the
seed of our principle vegetables including tomato, sweet pepper, eggplant,
cucumber, squash, pumpkin, melon, watermelon, brassicas, for example, cabbage,
cauliflower, broccoli,
HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION IN HOT PEPPER
MODE OF POLLINATION
´ Self pollination
´ Cross pollination up to 30-40%
´ Up to 80%
´ Population of Pollinator
´ Honeybee, bumblebee, Housefly, Ant, Wasp,
Thrips
´ 2-3 bee hives for 1 acre seed production plot
´ Adjoining crops
´ Sunflower, onion, cucurbits etc.
POLLINATION CONTROL
MECHANISMS
´ Hand
Pollination
´ Male
Sterility System
´ Genetic
male sterility
´ Cytoplasmic
genetic male sterility
HAND POLLINATION
´ Parents
´ Male parent
´ Female parent
´ Manual emasculation and crossing
´ Tedious job
´ Not economical
´ Expert labor
USE OF MALE STERILITY
´ Three lines system / ABR line system
´ Genetic male sterility
´ Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility
´ Three lines
´ A line, Male sterile line, Female line
´ R line, Fertility restorer line, Male line
´ B line, Isoline of A line, Maintainer line
SELECTION OF FIELD
´ No chilli or bell pepper crop during last
year
´ Sandy loam soil
´ Well drained
´ Low lying, water logged fields should be
avoided
LAND PREPARATION
´ 4-5 ploughings and plankings
´ Ridges 60 cm apart
SEED RATE
´ True to type, good germination, vigor and
health
´ Bold and uniform color
´ Damaged seed (Black, shrivelled, light in
weight, black spot in centre
´ Female parent (300 g) , Male parent (200 g) /
Acre
NURSERY RAISING
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•
Best
method is to use nursery trays
•
12 msq
land for nursery of 1 acre
•
1 m wide
and 20 cm raised beds
•
Seed
sown 5 cm deep in soil
•
5-8 cm
apart rows
FERTILIZATION AND IRRIGATION
´ N : P : K requirement : 66 : 46 : 25 Kg/Acre
´ 2 Bags DAP and 1 Bag Potash during land
preparation
´ ½ Bag Urea at seedling establishment
´ Remaining nitrogen with one moth intervals
´ Irrigation weekly or as required
´ 3-4 Hoeing for weeds eradication and soil
aeration
´ Before flowering, earthing up of plants
MAINTENANCE OF A and B LINE
´ Male sterile maintainer block
´ Male sterile plant (msms) cross with heterozygous male fertile
plant (Msms)
´ Male sterile and male fertile plants in 1:1
ratio
´ On ridges, 60-70 cm apart at 4o cm seedling
distance
HYBRID SEED PRODUCTION
´ Isolated field
´ 400 m isolation
´ Alternate plantation of female (A) line and
male (R) line
´ 2 rows of female lines to one row of male
line (2 : 1)
´ Row to row distance 60 cm
´ Plant to plant distance
´ Female line
20 cm
´ Male line 40 cm
PREPARATION OF FEMALE LINE FOR CROSS POLLINATION
´ 50% male fertile plants in female line
´ Rouging of male fertile plants from female
(A) line
´ Before pollen shedding
´ From morning to evening, up to 10 days
´ Tagging of male sterile line
´ Remove all fruit set from male and female
parents three to four days after this operation
IDENTIFICATION OF MALE STERILA AND MALE FERTILE PLANTS IN
FEMALE (A) LINE
´ Blooming stage
´ Anthesis between 5-7 am
´ Dehiscence
just after Anthesis
´ After dehiscence, check presence or absence
of pollen in flower
´ Further verification on black paper or cloth
´ Differentiating characters
Pollen, anther
color, anther size, anther bursting, fruit set
HARVESTING AND SEED EXTRACTION
´ Red ripe fruit
´ Through drying in the sun
´ Crushing and winnowing
´ Manual extraction by hands
´ Axial flow vegetable seed extraction machine
´ Seed drying and storage (6-8% moisture
contents)
Crop
|
Plants required to produce 1 Kg of seed
|
Average yield of seed /Acre (Kg)
|
Hot Pepper
|
64-256
|
25-100
|
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